The year 2024 marked a significant milestone for Nigeria as it celebrated 25 years of uninterrupted democratic rule. The electoral calendar tested the resilience of the nation’s democratic institutions and the commitment of political actors to uphold electoral integrity. Despite some progress, the elections revealed persistent challenges that continue to undermine public confidence in the electoral process.
National and Sub-National Elections
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) oversaw several elections at the federal and state levels, including:
- Two off-cycle governorship elections in Edo and Ondo.
- Bye-elections in Yobe and Ebonyi senatorial districts, along with four federal and three state constituencies.
- Court-ordered rerun elections across 36 federal constituencies stemming from 2023 general election tribunal decisions.
Meanwhile, state electoral commissions conducted local government elections in 28 states, which were widely criticized for electoral malpractices, vote buying, violence, and political interference.
Party Performance
The bye-elections and rerun elections saw seven parties secure victories in various constituencies:
- APC: 20 constituencies (including both governorship elections).
- PDP: 15 constituencies.
- YPP: 4 constituencies.
- NNPP: 3 constituencies.
- ADP, APGA, and LP: 1 constituency each.
In local government elections, ruling parties in respective states overwhelmingly dominated, often sidelining opposition parties.
Operational Challenges and Innovations
Logistics issues—historically a weak link in Nigerian elections—persisted, though 2024 saw improvements in some areas. INEC demonstrated resilience and adaptability, ensuring timely delivery of materials and personnel in most elections. Notable exceptions included delays during the Edo governorship election and Plateau and Enugu bye-elections. External interference and sabotage were addressed with contingency measures, showcasing INEC’s determination to mitigate disruptions.
Declining Electoral Integrity
The 2024 electoral cycle exposed the fragility of Nigeria’s democratic processes, with political actors undermining reforms aimed at enhancing election quality. Local government elections, in particular, were deemed a “travesty of democracy” by Yiaga Africa, highlighting the urgent need for systemic reform and institutional accountability.
